Faktor Risiko Mortalitas pada Anak dengan Gagal Ginjal yang Menjalani Hemodialisis: Studi Cross-Sectional di RS Dr. Moewardi Surakarta
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57218/jkj.Vol5.Iss3.3049Kata Kunci:
gagal ginjal anak, hemodialisis, mortalitas, hiperkalemia, hipertensiAbstrak
Gagal ginjal pada anak merupakan kondisi serius yang dapat memerlukan terapi pengganti ginjal seperti hemodialisis dan berkaitan dengan peningkatan mortalitas. Berbagai faktor klinis, termasuk status gizi, anemia, hipertensi, dan gangguan elektrolit, dapat memengaruhi prognosis pasien. Namun, data mengenai faktor yang berhubungan dengan mortalitas pada anak dengan gagal ginjal yang menjalani hemodialisis di Indonesia masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan usia, jenis kelamin, status gizi berdasarkan tinggi badan menurut umur (TB/U), frekuensi hemodialisis, anemia, hipertensi, dan hiperkalemia dengan mortalitas pada anak dengan gagal ginjal yang menjalani hemodialisis di RS Dr. Moewardi Surakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional berdasarkan data rekam medis pasien usia 0–18 tahun yang menjalani hemodialisis selama Januari 2022–Desember 2025. Sebanyak 66 pasien memenuhi kriteria penelitian, terdiri atas 15 pasien (22,7%) meninggal dan 51 pasien (77,3%) hidup. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa status gizi berdasarkan TB/U (p = 0,040), hipertensi (p = 0,012), dan hiperkalemia (p = 0,002) berhubungan signifikan dengan mortalitas. Crude odds ratio menunjukkan bahwa hipertensi memiliki OR 5,273 (95% CI: 1,325–20,984), hiperkalemia OR 10,281 (95% CI: 2,438–43,356), dan status gizi stunted OR 3,625 (95% CI: 1,017–12,927). Hiperkalemia menunjukkan besaran asosiasi terbesar dengan mortalitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pentingnya pemantauan kadar kalium, tekanan darah, dan status pertumbuhan pada anak dengan gagal ginjal yang menjalani hemodialisis. Temuan ini perlu dikonfirmasi melalui penelitian prospektif atau multicenter dengan analisis multivariat.
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